The 22 Major Arcana can be align with the planets and zodiac signs in astrology. The earlier discussions in AstroTarot Essentials show which of the 22 Tarot Spirits is matched with which planet and sign.

The decans represent divisions of the familiar zodiac signs into three 10-degree segments. These divisions are also called the faces and each one has one of the traditional planets as its ruler or decan lord. The Picatrix also includes images for each face. There are three different systems for assigning the decan lords to  the decans (all available at astro.com): 

• Chaldean decans, starting with Mars in the first decan of Aries and then progressing in Chaldean order through the seven visible planets - the most common approach and the one used in the Picatrix for faces.
• Manilius decans use signs rather than planets as the decan representatives.
• Traditional decans (including the outer planets)

The pip tarot cards from 2 through 10 are assigned to the decans. The pictures below show the assignment. The suit elements (wands=fire, pentacles=earth, swords=air, and cups=water) are matched to the zodiac sign elements. The outer ring of the left hand picture below shows the tarot card suits and numbers that are assigned to each decan. The planetary decan rulers are shown in the third ring from the outside.

In most early tarot decks, the numbered cards had spots (pips) or symbols that matched the number of the card. For example, the six of cups would have 6 cups on it, just like there are 6 hearts on a modern playing card for the 6 of hearts.

General thought is that the first deck with pictures on the pip cards was the Waite-Smith deck, created in 1909. In fact a much earlier deck, the Sola-Busca deck claims that distinction.